In fact, these reactors were used for France’s own initial development of atomic weapons. They did not use enriched uranium, which granted them lower operational costs. However, they had a limited electricity production capacity and other technical disadvantages. My research focuses on the cultural history of war, particularly the First World War. I am interested in how familial and local experiences of the war can help us understand the broader framework of this unprecedented global conflict. My first monograph based on my doctoral research examines popular responses in Britain and Ireland to the outbreak of the First World War and was published with Oxford University Press in March 2012. The article examines the World Health Organization’s emergent attitudes to public information.

1. Keen to contribute to the Oxford-Berlin Partnership and to add to its interdisciplinary spirit, CPAGH will host a workshop in Oxford in Michaelmas 2019 that will involve but not be limited to participants from Berlin.
2. He became president of AFA in 1979, an office he never relinquished, and steadily added further sinecures at the South American football federation, Conmebol, and Fifa.
3. And yet, the way in which these OPEC states chose to “go nuclear” during the first oil shock remains unappreciated and unstudied.
4. It is little wonder that Jordan is uneasy about placing Syrians in camps, and Lebanon positively allergic to doing so.
5. This separation divorces local histories from the archival evidence of their enmeshment over generations in the global flows of people, capital, and materials.
6. The French government became frustrated by the lack of solidarity among members of the European Economic Community and opted to “go it alone” in its own bilateral dealings with OPEC states as a desperate solution to its energy and balance of payments problems, challenging Kissinger’s calls for Western unity.
7. For Syrians informed by the Palestinian experience camps may represent permanent exile, exclusion from the host society and physical danger.

When humanitarian agencies identify gaps in their knowledge, they can guide historians to do the research that will fill them. While resources in emergencies are always limited, in terms of both finances and time available, an investment in understanding past experience should be considered essential by anyone wishing to develop effective responses to the needs of people affected by conflict.

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You also have to discuss how this problem had evolved through different periods, as this is the main point of the essay. The extensive media coverage of the centenary of the lead-up to and outbreak of the First World War in June – August 2014, gave me a variety of opportunities to engage with local, national and international media outlets.

1. Professor Saul Dubow, Smuts Professor of Commonwealth History, Faculty of History and Fellow, Magdalene College – Saul has written extensively about the history of racial science in South Africa, from paleontology and human origins, to psychology, history, medicine, and anthropology.
2. This desperate need was likewise recognised by Amika, the founder of #FreePeriods, the campaign to end period poverty.
3. My first monograph based on my doctoral research examines popular responses in Britain and Ireland to the outbreak of the First World War and was published with Oxford University Press in March 2012.
4. If taking the time to write a well-crafted one, all you’ll have to do is to fill it in.
5. Given that the majority of refugees will remain outside camps, it is worth examining what this means for the communities they have settled amongst.

That calotypes of St Andrews and its residents almost immediately began to be sent overseas highlights their historical dispersal from their locality. The reason that this audacious scheme could acquire such political weight is best grasped by a trip to an everyday Argentinian football game. I went to see Racing Club at home against San Lorenzo on a cold Saturday night in Avellenade, a huge industrial sub-city on the south side of Buenos Aires. These clubs are two of the traditional “big five” but neither would last a moment in the Premier League, and would struggle at the lower end of the Championship.

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The need for camps to house Syrian refugees in Jordan and in Lebanon has been a source of debate in the sector. Over the last decade, especially as the global proportion of refugees in camps has declined, camps have been increasingly criticised as restricting the development of refugees’ skills, entrenching divisions between refugees and locals and diminishing the possibilities https://treesseller.com/what-are-the-characteristics-of-narrative-writing/ for self-sufficiency. Advocates maintain that, while these criticisms may be justified, camps are often unavoidable because governments insist on them or, as in Jordan and Lebanon, the numbers require it and the conditions of off-camp populations are worse. Then your enduring issue essay example will look like whole research of facts or rhetorical statements.

1. The energy crisis would now be resolved bilaterally, and on the United States and Saudi Arabia’s terms.
2. This is the context in which the notion that access to football on television has become a matter of social policy, even perhaps a matter of rights.
3. The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries then leveraged this oil scarcity to justify quadrupling international oil prices by Jan. 1, 1974.
4. It was not for nothing that Grondona acquired his nickname, “Don Julio.” He had begun with a small hardware store and the presidency of the tiny club he founded in the 1950s called Arsenal FC.
5. Imagine too, despite a lot of huffing and puffing from the News International stable, that the policy had huge public appeal and legitimacy, not merely because it delivered a lot of free football, but because the claims made about football’s cultural status and meaning rang true for much of the population.
6. He had to focus on resolving the Arab-Israeli dispute to get the embargo lifted, while trying to uphold multilateral cooperation among oil-importing countries through initiatives such as the Washington Energy Conference.

At once a memorial and an avowal of their bonds, the group portrait manifests the intricate associations of photography and empire in their collective identity. As we shall see, Janet would eventually send family photographs to at least one of her sons in India. In a related photograph probably taken at the same session, Lyon Playfair sits reading a letter beside his seemingly absent-minded wife (fig. 8). As the family manuscript and album collections attest, letter writing and photography were two principal means of exchange through which how to write commentary in an argumentative essay the family bound together its dispersed relations. These lines summon metaphorical associations between the materials of calotype photography and the coast itself. Sunbeams and salt constitute the photographic process and the beachside location, binding the local history of the medium to its environment. For a walker passing along the coastal path, the common salt referenced in the final phrase can be felt and tasted on the North Sea wind, the site inviting sensorial and material evocations of the coastline and its supposed permanence.

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Given the oil price hike and France’s lack of alternative energy sources, nuclear power could be the safest path for the country to achieve a measure of energy independence at relatively low costs. In fact, even with the prospects of a nuclear future, it would take years for any new reactors to become operational. As a case study, St Andrews reveals the ways in which photography and photographic history have aided the invention of Victorian provinciality—in the myth of communities, of those sleepy backwaters, that were supposedly beyond the commercial and social circuits of global trade and empire. The desire to provincialise rural and small-town photographic verbs to introduce quotes archives, practices, and innovations is not just implicated in the historical denial of empire; it is one of its most enduring and necessary preconditions. Such archives bear witness to the myriad of personal associations, materials, and knowledges that bound empire and province together in the everyday lives and migratory practices of Victorian Britain. Brewster’s two essays demonstrate the centrality of photography’s imperial potential to his thinking in 1840s St Andrews. To be clear, I am proposing that this corresponds to the broader global concerns of the university town and its residents’ embrace of the calotype as intrinsic to these imperial agendas.

This term covered the multiple strategies used to communicate with the public, educating people and informing them about the health situation around the world as part of the enduring fight against disease. This process was rarely straightforward and required the agency not only monitor the impact of its own efforts but also to identify opportunities to further enhance its reputation. In this inaugural episode of our new podcast series, Suzanne Raine and Ali Ansari discuss Afghanistan and look in detail at the historical and cultural significance of the Khorasan, a historical territory whose name survives in Persian and Islamist bridge in essay example narratives about the future of the region and their own roles in global history. Dr Chika Tonooka, Mark Kaplanoff Research Fellow in History, Pembroke College – Chika is an international historian of the twentieth century. She is currently working on a book project examining British responses to the rise of imperial Japan in the early twentieth century. Chika is a member of the ‘Reimagining World Order’ project to be launched this fall at the Princeton Institute for International and Regional Affairs. She read History at St. Catharine’s College and completed her PhD, also in History, at Gonville & Caius College.

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And yet, the way in which these OPEC states chose to “go nuclear” during the first oil shock remains unappreciated and unstudied. Given the country’s fanatic mania for football, it was widely thought that Clarin were significantly underpaying the AFA for their monopoly. Horacio Gennari—a television executive who went on to serve on the board of Fútbol Para Todos—had been making the case to the AFA and its autocratic president, Julio Grondona, for years but to no avail. Grondona preferred to hold meetings away from the grandeur of the AFA’s offices, instead opting for a small room in the back of a petrol station in Sarandi, an industrial neighbourhood in outer Buenos Aires.

Highlights include BBC GNS ; Agence France Presse ; RTE radio and television ; Channel 4 News ; BBC Radio 4’s The World Tonight special broadcast ; Al Jazeera America’s ‘Inside Story’ as well as radio and television documentaries for BBC Essex, BBC Look East and BBC Devon. I have published op-ed pieces in national and international publications such as theWestern Morning News, The Guardian, BBC History Magazine,andHistorically Speaking. I have published pieces for local historians and teachers via the British Association of Local History and the English Association and Historical Association magazines. In June 2012, I was invited to contribute to the JISC-funded ‘World War One Editathon’ organised jointly with Wikimedia UK. The Wikipedia military history community were brought together with experts from academia in order to improve Wikipedia articles on World War One topics and build bridges between ‘Wikimedians’ and academics.

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In the decades from 1860 to 1914, the Ottoman Empire provided land, tax concessions and agricultural development assistance to resettle millions of Muslim refugees from the Caucasus and the Balkans. In Syria after the First World War, under the French mandate, Armenian refugee camps around Aleppo were developed into middle-class quarters that had levels of municipal services – electricity and sanitation – well beyond what was provided in other parts of the city. In the 1930s, when Assyrian Christian refugees from Iraq were resettled in Syria under the aegis of the League of Nations, they received development assistance for their agricultural settlements. Here too services were far above the level available to most Syrian villages at the time, with a number of schools and a hospital built for the refugees. Our keynote speaker will be Prof. Kristin Mann, Professor Emerita at Emory University, whose rich expertise and interests extend from eighteenth through twentieth-century African history, to slavery and emancipation, to Atlantic history and the African diaspora.

They toured Arab capitals and discussed their options with Tehran, and Saudi Oil Minister Ahmed Zaki Yamani visited Tokyo to meet with Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka.63 However, it was Iraq that would become Japan’s key oil trading partner. In February 1974, how long is a essay Minister of International Trade and Industry Yasuhiro Nakasone traveled to Baghdad with representatives from Mitsubishi and other industrial groups in order to launch official negotiations for the purchase of 160 million tons of oil over 10 years.

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Over the next century, more companies looked to the Factory Mutual System to minimise their property risk, with the knowledge that “the majority of property loss is preventable”. This smarter way, that is, of preventing loss before it happens, resonated with other industries, and more companies across the United States signed on.

And it was distasteful to parts of the audience, not only to the Clarin group who compared the operation to Hugo Chavez’s Venezuela. Ratings were immense for the biggest games, and in the country’s interior in particular where there has been much more poverty and much less cable television, the service proved hugely popular. It is, especially from a British perspective, worth pausing for a moment here. Imagine that Gordon Brown’s government had persuaded the Premier League to break its contract with Sky, paid them almost triple the amount for the rights, and then made the Premier League available for free on UK television.

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It was not for nothing that Grondona acquired his nickname, “Don Julio.” He had begun with a small hardware store and the presidency of the tiny club he founded in the 1950s called Arsenal FC. He became president of AFA in 1979, an office he never relinquished, and steadily added further sinecures at the South American football federation, Conmebol, and Fifa. While remarkably unostentatious in public life, he had also acquired a very substantial property portfolio in Buenos Aires, the petrol station included. It laid out the research and international comparisons showing that Clarin were indeed underpaying and that a very much larger television rights deal could be achieved.

1. In the eleventh century, the Almoravid intervention, led by a group of Berber nomads who were strict observers of Islamic law, gave the conversion process a new momentum in the Ghana empire and beyond.
2. What is the association between colonial photographs and those photographic materials that appear, at least in terms of their subject matter, to concern the families and sites of St Andrews?
3. I am grateful to the anonymous reviewers and the editors of British Art Studies for their constructive suggestions and assistance in the preparation of this article.
4. Many thanks also to the Edinburgh Centre for Global History at the University of Edinburgh, the Cross Cultural Circa Nineteenth Century Research Centre at the University of St Andrews, and the Tokyo Photographic Art Museum for invitations to present this research, and to the observations of audience members and colleagues.
5. I don’t need all this, just the number.’ So I turned to the final page of the conclusion and pointed to the figure I thought the AFA should be getting for its television rights—600m pesos (approximately £27.5m).
6. Together, they combined their strength to create a mutual property insurance companythat would insure only “good risk” factories—creating the category of “highly protected risk properties.” This business idea also provided incentives, because whatever premiums remained at the end of a policy term would be returned to policyholders.

These are not so much parallel as deeply interwoven mutual histories of imperial association. St Andrews calotypes represent local histories of rural and university life and signal the integration of the town itself with the expansive social and economic structures of empire that sustained and facilitated its pursuit of the calotype. By the summer of 1842, after much trial and error, St Andrews was the locus of a small circle of calotypists who were actively photographing the residents and the town. The rise of calotype photography in St Andrews, even before London or Edinburgh, has prompted frames of enquiry that often fixate on the apparent incongruity between the modernity of the process and its advent in the small university town. In an article published in 1983, Alison Morrison-Low asked, “Why then, did this sleepy backwater, a town whose population had declined since the Reformation, become a centre for early photography?

Could a row over football television rights bring down the Argentinian government?

Then he headed for the Casa Rosada to meet Kirchner where she asked what the bill would be. https://stage.mindsetmovers.de/essay/commentary-essay-writing-guide-with-analysis/ Grondona wrote down the figure and the deal was informally agreed and signed on a napkin.

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